Definition

This term has two dimensions:

• Formal qualification: the formal outcome (certificate, diploma or title) of an assessment process which is obtained when a competent body determines that an individual has achieved learning outcomes to given standards and/or possesses the necessary competence to do a job in a specific area of work. A qualification confers official recognition of the value of learning outcomes in the labour market and in education and training. A qualification can be a legal entitlement to practise a trade (OECD);
• Job requirements: knowledge, aptitudes and skills required to perform specific tasks attached to a particular work position (ILO).

Source: Cedefop (2023) "Terminology of European education and training policy: A selection of key terms"